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On Sunday, February 5, the Brazilian TV program Fantástico presented three shocking reports. One of them showed Brazilian workers dying from excessive work. To augment their minimum salary by a few reais, these cane cutters worked so hard that they died for their efforts.
Another report showed children waiting for adoption in orphanages because they are Afro-Brazilian or more than three years old. A third report showed women and children with their hands out, begging for alms along a major Brazilian federal highway. The reports were prepared with competence and sensibility. They pointed out the number of machete strokes a worker is obliged to make per day and that they cause his death. The journalists interviewed the women and child beggars, who said that a few months ago a child died during the risky act of begging among speeding cars. The reality shown on the program should make Brazilian society ask itself why the country is like this. A nation circulating so much wealth on a highway is incapable of eradicating the poverty alongside the road. One of the world's greatest producers of sugar and alcohol is not furnishing its workers with a sustainable standard of living. Brazil, in fact, has always been seen as a divided country. In the mind of Brazilians - no matter if they are rich or poor - a sense of identity, of social unity, does not exist. Considered a national characteristic, inequality is a natural phenomenon, like the climate and the beaches. It is part of the landscape. Brazil became a country but not a nation. It is more like a territory that produces than an aggregate of human beings who are nationally identified by a common project. To this day we have not had a national social integration project. We experienced four centuries of slavery and, after eliminating it, we did not integrate the ex-slaves. We had strong economic growth for four decades but did not distribute its product. We have had two decades of political democracy but without social democracy. We are a country, not a nation. For this reason, there is a brutal difference between the wealth circulating on the highway and the poverty begging alongside it. This is why some people die for lack of income because they have no work; and why others die, due to insufficient pay, from working too hard. In 2006 we will have another presidential election and will probably watch the same old debate: we will hear promises and proposals about how to grow, create more jobs, construct more highways, factories, hydroelectric projects. But quite possibly we will not have a serious debate about how to integrate Brazilian society. With inequality but without exclusion. Brazil built the highways, creating territorial integration, but did not follow the same steps towards creating social integration. In its contemporary history, Brazil proclaimed the Republic, abolished slavery, expanded its economy, brought back democracy, and attained monetary stability. But it left all these processes incomplete since it did not integrate its society, which continues to be divided between a rich, privileged minority and a poor, excluded mass of people. Brazil is a country incomplete in all it attempted. Unlike countries that have not yet made the attempt, and unlike others that have already succeeded, Brazil, attempts, achieves, but does not complete the effort. Because it did not decide to go beyond being a country to become a nation. It did not perceive that its territorial integration and its economic wealth would remain incomplete if we do not make the necessary efforts to achieve social integration. Cristovam Buarque has a Ph.D. in economics. He is a PDT senator for the Federal District and was Governor of the Federal District (1995-98) and Minister of Education (2003-04). You can visit his homepage - www.cristovam.com.br - and write to him at
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. Translated from the Portuguese by Linda Jerome -
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